Also termed claims adjuster, loss adjuster or insurance adjuster. A party who is appointed by insurers to investigate the claim on their behalf and determine the amount payable. Also often work with the insured to help them recover from the loss.
An insurer who has been formally admitted or licensed by the country or US state insurance regulator in the country or US state in which they and the risk are situated.
In the US an insurance binder is a contract of temporary insurance pending the issuance of a formal policy but in London the term “binder” can also be used as short hand for binding authority (see below).
Placing method whereby insurers delegate their underwriting authority to a coverholder to underwrite risks and enter into insurance contracts on their behalf.
The agreement between insurers and the coverholder that sets out the extent of the coverholder’s underwriting authority under a binding authority.
See claims or premium bordereau(x).
The desk(s) at which Lloyd’s of London underwriters sit to discuss the placement of risks and the payment of claims with brokers. These are in the Lloyd’s Underwriting Room.
Final section of Market Reform Contract that details the brokerage and other amounts to be deducted from the premium. Not usually forwarded to the insured.
The amount of a risk that an insurer is able/willing to insure. It is usually determined by the capital of the insurer and their risk appetite.
Insurance contract document issued by coverholders to policyholders/insureds under a binding authority which evidences the insurance of the risk and details the terms of the coverage.
Also termed adjuster, loss adjuster or insurance adjuster. A party who is appointed by insurers to investigate the claim on their behalf and determine the amount payable. They often work with the insured to help them recover from the loss.
A list of claims that have been advised to, paid or settled or reserved by a coverholder under a binding authority. Usually provided monthly or quarterly by the coverholder (or third party administrator) to the insurers who have given them the binding authority.
An escrow fund provided by an insurer to a coverholder or third-party administrator to fund claims payments when the coverholder or third-party administrator has claims settlement authority under a binding authority.
Wholesale insurance and reinsurance companies operating in the London insurance market. Such companies are represented by the International Underwriting Association (IUA).
Similar to a line slip but pulled together by a group of insurers rather than a broker. The insurers agree to share participation in a group of risks but delegate their underwriting authority to the lead insurer.
Party who is given authority to underwrite risks and enter into contracts of insurance on behalf of London Market insurers under a binding authority.
Process prospective new coverholders such as MGAs (managing general agent) or brokers need to go through before they are allowed to underwrite risks under a binding authority for a London Market insurer.
Lawyer who is instructed by insurers to defend a liability claim on behalf of both the insured and their liability insurers.
The insurance market in the country in which the risk is situated.
An insurer based in the country in which the risk is situated.
Electronic claims system used by the vast majority of brokers and insurers in the London Market to process, agree and collect claims.
Used to refer to the main participants of the London insurance market and the many firms who support it around the world including lawyers, loss adjusters, risk surveyors and technology companies.
Often called the surplus lines market. Intermediaries and insurers who insure non standard risks (hard to place, unique or large/high capacity risks) which admitted insurers within the state cannot or will not cover.
The UK regulator who regulates London financial markets including London brokers and insurers in order to promote competition, ensure market integrity and protect consumers.
A third party assessment of an insurer’s ability to meet its obligations to policyholders.
The fifth section of a Market Reform Contract contains fiscal (tax) and regulatory information – not usually forwarded to insured/reinsured.
The highest underwriting authority a (usually very experienced) coverholder can have under a binding authority. The coverholder has full authority to set the terms on any risk which falls within the scope of the binding authority.
The second section of the Market Reform Contract. Details or references the risk information that has been provided to insurers to enable them to quote to insure a risk.
Also termed adjuster, claims adjuster or loss adjuster. A party who is appointed by insurers to investigate the claim on their behalf and determine amount payable. Also often work with the insured to help them recover from the loss.
Insurers outside of Lloyd’s of London who are usually proprietary insurance companies (owned by shareholders to whom they pay dividends) or mutual insurers (owned by their policyholders).
Organisations who insure risks – charging a premium and in return promising to make claim payments in the event of an insured event occurring.
The representative body and market organisation for non-Lloyd’s international and wholesale insurance and reinsurance companies operating in the London Market.
Also known as lead insurer, leader, leading underwriter or slip leader. The insurer responsible for setting the terms on an insurance or reinsurance contract that is subscribed to by more than one insurer. Other insurers then have to decide whether to follow the lead’s terms
As Lead above.
As Lead above.
As Lead above.
An agreement that allows for certain changes to the terms of an insurance or reinsurance contract to be agreed by the leading underwriter(s) without reference to the following underwriters.
The proportion of an insurance or reinsurance risk that is accepted by an insurer. See also Subscription business/ placement, Signed lines and Written lines.
A placing method whereby a group of insurers delegate their underwriting authority for a certain class of risks to the lead insurer (line slip lead) who makes underwriting decisions on behalf of the following insurers. A line slip is set up by brokers, as opposed to a consortium which is set up by the participating insurers.
The lead insurer on a line slip who has the authority to make underwriting decisions and enter into contracts of insurance on behalf of the other participating insurers.
A market of members consisting of just under 100 syndicates and their managing agents who insure risks around the world under the Lloyd’s brand and licences.
A firm that is listed in the register of Lloyd’s brokers kept by Lloyd’s of London. The vast majority of London brokers are Lloyd’s brokers.
A broker situated in London who places insurance on behalf of insureds, reinsureds and other brokers into the London insurance market.
The Lloyd’s of London capital structure which provides financial security to policyholders. There are three links in the chain of security. The first link is syndicate level assets (premiums paid to each syndicate available to pay claims against that syndicate). The second link is Members’ Funds at Lloyd’s, the capital invested in each syndicate which protects the policyholders of that syndicate in the event that claims exceed the Syndicate level assets. The third link is Central assets, assets of the Lloyd’s Corporation which are available to meet any Syndicate’s liabilities to policyholders.
Delegated authority agreement in Lloyd’s of London where the handling of large (above £250,000 or £500,000 in respect of energy and property treaty) or complex claims which fall outside of SCAP are handled on behalf of all subscribing Lloyd’s syndicates by the first two Lloyd’s syndicates on the placement.
Representative body for the Lloyd’s managing agencies and syndicates.
The insurance companies, brokers, underwriting agencies, P&I clubs and Lloyd’s syndicates which arrange and insure risks around the world.
Body that represents the interests of Lloyd’s insurance and reinsurance brokers operating in the London and international markets.
Also termed adjuster or Insurance adjuster. A party who is appointed by insurers to investigate the claim on insurers’ behalf and determine amount payable. Also often work with the insured to help them recover from the loss.
An organisation that manages a Lloyd’s syndicate, e.g. by employing the underwriters who determine what risks the syndicate insures.
An organisation that has underwriting authority to underwrite risks on behalf of an insurer usually under a binding authority
The contract prepared by the broker and agreed by insurers which forms the contract between the insured and the insurers on open market placements in the London Market.
A placing method whereby a broker places one risk either with one insurer or with several insurers who each insure a specific percentage of the risk (subscription business). The original terms are provided by the lead insurer but the brokers then need to obtain the agreement of other insurers (the follow market) to complete the placement. Excludes business written under a binding authority or line slip.
An electronic placing platform used by many brokers and insurers in the London Market to quote, negotiate and bind insurance contracts digitally.
Another name for the insured or reinsured. The party covered by the insurance or reinsurance contract of insurance.
Level of authority under a binding authority. Coverholder is provided with a set of pre-determined rates they must charge but allowed some discretion in amending the rates in order to be competitive without being required to refer to the delegating London insurer.
Level of authority under a binding authority. Coverholder is provided with a set of pre-determined rates they must charge and are not allowed to charge different rates unless they have agreement of delegating London insurer.
A list of risks underwritten by a coverholder under a binding authority including details of risks underwritten and premium charged. Bordereaux are provided to delegating insurers monthly or quarterly and the placing broker. Once agreed, premium is processed to delegating London insurer.
Lowest level of authority under a binding authority. Coverholder cannot quote a risk without consulting with delegating London insurer. Although if they do quote and receive an order they have the authority to issue the contract/certificate of insurance or reinsurance on behalf of insurers.
Mutual indemnity associations owned by their members (shipowners and other marine operators) that provides risk pooling. Typically protects the liability risks of their members, e.g liability for injury to crew passenger liability, collision liability and pollution liability. Any surplus of calls (premiums) over claims is used to reduce future years' calls/premiums.
The prudential regulator who supervises UK financial institutions including insurance companies and Lloyd’s of London to ensure they have sufficient assets to pay policyholders their claims.
A claims professional who works on behalf of the insured when appraising and negotiating an insurance claim. This is in contrast to loss and claims adjusters who are appointed by insurers to manage the claim on insurers’ behalf.
A contract under which a reinsurer agrees to pay a specified amount of an underwriting loss sustained by an insurer.
Insurers who reinsure other insurers against a specified amount of an underwriting loss.
First section of the London Market Reform Contract. It contains details of the coverage provided by insurers, e.g. limits, deductibles, terms and conditions and premium.
Short for “Underwriting Room” - the floors within the Lloyd’s of London building where the syndicate underwriters sit and where brokers will meet them to negotiate placing of risks and claims.
The third section of the Market Reform Contract contains details of the insurers who are insuring the risks including their written/signed line.
The final proportion of an insurance or reinsurance risk that is accepted by an insurer. In the event of over placement where insurers' written lines exceed 100%, then the written lines are signed down so that the total equals the 100%. The proportioned down line is known as the signed line and indicates the percentage of the 100% premium the insurer will receive and the percentage of any claim they will be required to pay.
Where a risk is oversubscribed so insurers’ written lines total over 100%, then the written lines are usually proportionally reduced, signed down, so that they total 100%. The proportioned down lines are then termed signed lines.
A contractual agreement in the London Market that facilitates quick and efficient authorisation of claims. Applies to claims below £250,000 (or £500,000 in respect of Energy or Property Treaty) which are also not deemed complex by the lead insurer. Where SCAP applies the London Market lead insurer has authority to agree claims on behalf of all subscribing London Market insurers.
Also often known as “Lead”, “Leader” or “Lead insurer”. Usually the insurer responsible for setting the terms on an insurance or reinsurance contract that is subscribed to by more than one insurer. Other insurers then have to decide whether to follow the slip leader’s terms.
The fourth section of a Market Reform Contract. It contains details about how the contract operates if there is more than one subscribing insurer, e.g. Who agrees contract changes? Which claims handling agreements apply? Not usually forwarded to the insured.
Term used to describe insurance and reinsurance placing method used to insure large risks which are too big for a single insurer. The risk is placed with more than one insurer, with each insurer only insuring a percentage of the risk.
Broker who has authority to place excess and surplus lines insurance outside of the state in which the risk is situated with excess and surplus lines insurers in other states or countries.
Insurer who does not have an admitted licence to insure risks in a state but does have a surplus lines licence to insure risks which are placed outside of that state by licensed surplus lines brokers and intermediaries.
Often called the excess and surplus lines market. Intermediaries and insurers who insure non-standard risks (hard to place, unique or large/high capacity risks) which admitted insurers within the state cannot or will not cover.
An insurer based within Lloyd’s of London. Syndicates are owned by either one member or a group of members (their capital providers) and managed by managing agents who employ the underwriters.
Market-wide body, bringing together the specialist commercial (re)insurance broking and underwriting communities in London. It is supported by the IUA, Lloyd’s of London, the LMA and LIIBA. It speaks collectively for market practitioners on growth and modernisation issues, and its aim is to build on London’s position and reputation as the global centre of insurance excellence.
An organisation that is given delegated authority to handle insurance claims on behalf of insurers.
Funds maintained in the US for the protection of policyholders with US dollar denominated insurance policies.
Term used to describe the individuals who work for insurers and determine whether to insure/underwrite a risk at what terms. Also used as an alternative to insurers.
Document including risk information and data about the risk requiring insurance which is prepared by brokers and provided to insurers to enable them to quote for an insurance risk.